The arterioles of the microcirculation can
function as conduit arteries following an arterial occlusion, when arcade
arterioles (i.e. anastomosing arterioles) form natural bypasses known as
collaterals. The enlargement of arterial collaterals improves the prognosis of
patients with ischemic disease, and these clinically significant structures are
studied in rodents by ligating the feed arteries to skeletal or cardiac muscle.
These images were captured 7 days after ligating the lateral feed artery of the
spinotrapezius muscle. The left image depicts the collateral with its paired
venule at rest, and the right image shows the same collateral after stimulating
it to vasodilate and increase blood flow during muscle contraction (right). Images
contributed Kenneth Gouin in the laboratory of Trevor Cardinal at Cal Poly.